Photocatalytic H2Evolution, CO2Reduction, and NOxOxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C3N4

g-C3N4, with specific surface area up to 513 m2/g, was prepared via three successive thermal treatments at 550 °C in air with gradual precursor mass decrease. The obtained bulk and exfoliated (1ex, 2ex, and 3ex) g-C3<...

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Main Authors:	Nadia Todorova, Ilias Papailias, Tatiana Giannakopoulou, Nikolaos Ioannidis, Nikos Boukos, Panagiotis Dallas, Miroslava Edelmannová, Martin Reli, Kamila Kočí, Christos Trapalis
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:	Catalysts
Subjects:	g-C3N4 exfoliation photocatalysis H2 evolution CO2 reduction NOx oxidation
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/10/1147

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record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-15bfe80c576e44c0b0f902a2674848972020-11-25T03:58:18ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-10-01101147114710.3390/catal10101147Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Nadia Todorova0Ilias Papailias1Tatiana Giannakopoulou2Nikolaos Ioannidis3Nikos Boukos4Panagiotis Dallas5Miroslava Edelmannová6Martin Reli7Kamila Kočí8Christos Trapalis9Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicInstitute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicInstitute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greeceg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, with specific surface area up to 513 m<sup>2</sup>/g, was prepared via three successive thermal treatments at 550 °C in air with gradual precursor mass decrease. The obtained bulk and exfoliated (1ex, 2ex, and 3ex) g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were characterized and tested as photocatalysts for H<sub>2</sub> production, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub> oxidation. The exfoliated samples demonstrated graphene-like morphology with detached (2ex) and sponge-like framework (3ex) of layers. The surface area increased drastically from 20 m<sup>2</sup>/g (bulk) to 513 m<sup>2</sup>/g (3ex). The band gap (E<sub>g</sub>) increased gradually from 2.70 to 3.04 eV. Superoxide radicals (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) were mainly formed under UV and visible light. In comparison to the bulk,the exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated significant increase in H<sub>2</sub> evolution (~6 times), CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (~3 times), and NO<sub>x</sub> oxidation (~4 times) under UV light. Despite the E<sub>g</sub> widening, the photocatalytic performance of the exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> under visible light was improved too. The results were related to the large surface area and low e<sup>−</sup>-h<sup>+</sup> recombination. The highly exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub> evolution reactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/10/1147g-C3N4 exfoliationphotocatalysisH2 evolutionCO2 reductionNOx oxidation
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Nadia Todorova Ilias Papailias Tatiana Giannakopoulou Nikolaos Ioannidis Nikos Boukos Panagiotis Dallas Miroslava Edelmannová Martin Reli Kamila Kočí Christos Trapalis
spellingShingle	Nadia Todorova Ilias Papailias Tatiana Giannakopoulou Nikolaos Ioannidis Nikos Boukos Panagiotis Dallas Miroslava Edelmannová Martin Reli Kamila Kočí Christos Trapalis Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Catalysts g-C3N4 exfoliation photocatalysis H2 evolution CO2 reduction NOx oxidation
author_facet	Nadia Todorova Ilias Papailias Tatiana Giannakopoulou Nikolaos Ioannidis Nikos Boukos Panagiotis Dallas Miroslava Edelmannová Martin Reli Kamila Kočí Christos Trapalis
author_sort	Nadia Todorova
title	Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
title_short	Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
title_full	Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
title_fullStr	Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
title_full_unstemmed	Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
title_sort	photocatalytic h<sub>2</sub>evolution, co<sub>2</sub>reduction, and no<sub>x</sub>oxidation by highly exfoliated g-c<sub>3</sub>n<sub>4</sub>
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Catalysts
issn	2073-4344
publishDate	2020-10-01
description	g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, with specific surface area up to 513 m<sup>2</sup>/g, was prepared via three successive thermal treatments at 550 °C in air with gradual precursor mass decrease. The obtained bulk and exfoliated (1ex, 2ex, and 3ex) g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were characterized and tested as photocatalysts for H<sub>2</sub> production, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub> oxidation. The exfoliated samples demonstrated graphene-like morphology with detached (2ex) and sponge-like framework (3ex) of layers. The surface area increased drastically from 20 m<sup>2</sup>/g (bulk) to 513 m<sup>2</sup>/g (3ex). The band gap (E<sub>g</sub>) increased gradually from 2.70 to 3.04 eV. Superoxide radicals (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) were mainly formed under UV and visible light. In comparison to the bulk,the exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated significant increase in H<sub>2</sub> evolution (~6 times), CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (~3 times), and NO<sub>x</sub> oxidation (~4 times) under UV light. Despite the E<sub>g</sub> widening, the photocatalytic performance of the exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> under visible light was improved too. The results were related to the large surface area and low e<sup>−</sup>-h<sup>+</sup> recombination. The highly exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub> evolution reactions.
topic	g-C3N4 exfoliation photocatalysis H2 evolution CO2 reduction NOx oxidation
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/10/1147
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Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>Evolution, CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction, and NO<sub>x</sub>Oxidation by Highly Exfoliated g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>

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