Asymmetric Encoder-Decoder Structured FCN Based LiDAR to Color Image Generation

• Main Authors: Hyun-Koo Kim, Kook-Yeol Yoo, Ju H. Park, Ho-Youl Jung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-11-01
• Series: Sensors
• Subjects: advanced driver assistance system; asymmetric network model; image generation; lidar sensor; lidar imaging
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4818

In this paper, we propose a method of generating a color image from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 3D reflection intensity. The proposed method is composed of two steps: projection of LiDAR 3D reflection intensity into 2D intensity, and color image generation from the projected intensity by using a fully convolutional network (FCN). The color image should be generated from a very sparse projected intensity image. For this reason, the FCN is designed to have an asymmetric network structure, i.e., the layer depth of the decoder in the FCN is deeper than that of the encoder. The well-known KITTI dataset for various scenarios is used for the proposed FCN training and performance evaluation. Performance of the asymmetric network structures are empirically analyzed for various depth combinations for the encoder and decoder. Through simulations, it is shown that the proposed method generates fairly good visual quality of images while maintaining almost the same color as the ground truth image. Moreover, the proposed FCN has much higher performance than conventional interpolation methods and generative adversarial network based Pix2Pix. One interesting result is that the proposed FCN produces shadow-free and daylight color images. This result is caused by the fact that the LiDAR sensor data is produced by the light reflection and is, therefore, not affected by sunlight and shadow.