Association of anaplastic lymphoma kinase variants and alterations with ensartinib response duration in non‐small cell lung cancer

• Main Authors: Donghui Hou, Xiaomin Zheng, Wei Song, Xiaoqing Liu, Sicong Wang, Lina Zhou, Xiuli Tao, Lv Lv, Qi Sun, Yujing Jin, Zewei Zhang, Lieming Ding, Ning Wu, Shijun Zhao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2021-09-01
• Series: Thoracic Cancer
• Subjects: ALK fusion; ensartinib; gene mutation; progression‐free survival; radiomics
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.14083

Abstract Background Here, we aimed to assess the association of ALK variants and alterations with ensartinib response duration in NSCLC, and explore the potential value of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS). Methods We enrolled 88 patients with identified ALK variant NSCLC in a multicenter phase 2 trial, and assessed the impact of ALK variants and secondary ALK alterations on the clinical outcome (response duration) of patients receiving ensartinib. We also established a multifactorial model of clinicopathological and quantitative CT radiomic features to predict PFS and risk stratification. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for tumor progression. Results Univariate analysis indicated a statistical difference (p = 0.035) in PFS among ALK variants in three classifications (V1, V3, and other variants). Secondary ALK alterations were adversely associated with PFS both in univariate (p = 0.008) and multivariate (p = 0.04) analyses and could identify patients at high risk for early progression in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (p = 0.002). Additionally, response duration to crizotinib <1 year and liver metastasis were adversely associated with PFS. The combined model, composed of clinicopathological signature and CT radiomic signature, showed good prediction ability with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.85, and 0.89 in the training and validation dataset respectively. Conclusions Our study showed that secondary ALK alterations were adversely associated with ensartinib efficacy, and that ALK variants might not correlate with PFS. The quantitative radiomic signature provided added prognostic prediction value to the clinicopathological features.