Conveyorized implementation of ASWM image filter on PLD

• Main Authors: Oleg Vasylchenkov, Igor Liberg, Mykhailo Mozhaiev, Dmytro Salnikov
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: PC Technology Center 2021-02-01
• Series: Technology Audit and Production Reserves
• Subjects: adaptive filter; nonlinear filter; median filter; impulse noise; peak signal-to-noise ratio; structural similarity index measure
• Online Access: http://journals.uran.ua/tarp/article/view/225257
• ISSN: 2664-9969; 2706-5448

The object of research is the adaptive switching weighted median image filter (ASWM) algorithm. This algorithm is one of the most effective in the field of impulse noise suppression. The computational complexity and algorithmic features of this adaptive nonlinear filter make it impossible to implement a filter that works in real time on modern PLD microcircuits. The most problematic areas of the algorithm are the weight coefficient estimation cycle, which has no limit on the number of iterations and contains a large number of division operations. This does not allow implementing the filter on PLDs with a sufficiently effective method. In the course of the research, the programming model of the filter in Python was used. The performance of the algorithm was assessed using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) metrics. Modeling made it possible to find out empirically the number of iterations of the cycle for estimating the weight coefficients at different levels of noise density and to estimate the effect of artificial limitation of the maximum number of iterations on the filter performance. Regardless of the intensity of the noise impact, the algorithm performs less than 40 iterations of the evaluation cycle. Let’s also simulate the operation of the algorithm with different variants of the division module implementation. The paper considers the main of them and offers the most optimal in terms of the ratio of accuracy/hardware costs for implementation. Thus, a modified algorithm was proposed that does not have these disadvantages. Thanks to modifications of the algorithm, it is possible to implement a pipelined ASWM image filter on modern PLDs. The filter is synthesized for the main families of Intel PLDs. The implementation, which is not inferior in terms of SSIM and PSNR metrics to the original algorithm, requires less than 65,000 FPGA logical cells and allows filtering of monochrome images with FullHD resolution at 48 frames/s at a clock frequency of 100 MHz.