Effect of laser⁃etched pure titanium surface on early proliferation of MG63 cells

• Main Authors: GUO Zehong, NING Yingyu⁃ an, XU Shulan, ZHU Peijun, DING Xianglong, GAO Yan
• Format: Article
• Language: zho
• Published: Editorial Department of Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases 2019-07-01
• Series: 口腔疾病防治
• Subjects: laser etching; pure titanium; surface treatment; roughness; MG63; proliferation
• Online Access: http://www.kqjbfz.com/EN/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2019.07.005

Objective To investigate the effect of a laser⁃etched pure titanium surface on proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 and to provide a basis for study of implant surface modification. Methods The pure tita⁃ nium plate was cut into titanium pieces by a numerical control machine tool and divided into smooth surface and laser etching groups. The titanium surface of the laser etching group was etched with an Nd:YAG continuous wave laser using predetermined parameters, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface micro⁃ morphology of each titanium sheet was evaluated. The relative element content of the titanium surface was measured by energy dispersive X⁃ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ra value of each surface was determined using the Veeco roughness tester. MG63 cells were inoculated on 2 sets of titanium tablets. At 1, 3, and 6 h postinoculation, cell adhesion to the two groups of titanium sheets was observed under the microscope. At 24 h after inoculation, cellular F⁃actin was directly stained using immunofluorescence, and the morphology of the cytoskeleton was observed by laser confocal microscopy.Cell proliferation was examined at 1, 3, and 5 d using a MTS kit, and the data were analyzed with SAS 9.4. Results The surface of the smooth surface group was smooth and flat, the element composition was pure titanium, and the rough⁃ ness Ra was 179.23 nm. The surface of the laser⁃etched group formed a regular and uniform pore structure. The compo⁃ sition was mainly Ti, O, C, etc, and the surface roughness Ra was 14.11 μm. A large number of cells were uniformly dis⁃ tributed on the two titanium sheets in the observations at 1, 3, and 6 h. At 24 h postinoculation, MG63 cells were com⁃ pletely stretched on the two sets of titanium sheets and had extended a large number of pseudopods and microfilaments to cross ⁃ link with peripheral cells; moreover, the cell division phase was observed. The cell proliferation of the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 d showed a significant increase with time, indicating that no cytotoxicity occurred on the surfaces of the two groups. However, the cell proliferation in the laser ⁃ etched group was superior to that in the mechanical smooth surface group. Conclusion The surface morphology of titanium can be controlled by laser etching, which is conductive to increase the microstructure of implants without cytotoxicity and promoting osteoblast proliferation in the early stage.