Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014

Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014

<p>Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) samples collected at Mount (Mt.) Tai in the North China Plain during summer 2014 were analyzed for dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls) (DCRCs). The total concentration of...

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Main Authors: Y. Zhu, L. Yang, J. Chen, K. Kawamura, M. Sato, A. Tilgner, D. van Pinxteren, Y. Chen, L. Xue, X. Wang, I. J. Simpson, H. Herrmann, D. R. Blake, W. Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2018-07-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10741/2018/acp-18-10741-2018.pdf
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author Y. Zhu
L. Yang
L. Yang
J. Chen
J. Chen
J. Chen
K. Kawamura
K. Kawamura
M. Sato
A. Tilgner
D. van Pinxteren
Y. Chen
Y. Chen
L. Xue
X. Wang
I. J. Simpson
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
D. R. Blake
W. Wang
spellingShingle Y. Zhu
L. Yang
L. Yang
J. Chen
J. Chen
J. Chen
K. Kawamura
K. Kawamura
M. Sato
A. Tilgner
D. van Pinxteren
Y. Chen
Y. Chen
L. Xue
X. Wang
I. J. Simpson
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
D. R. Blake
W. Wang
Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet Y. Zhu
L. Yang
L. Yang
J. Chen
J. Chen
J. Chen
K. Kawamura
K. Kawamura
M. Sato
A. Tilgner
D. van Pinxteren
Y. Chen
Y. Chen
L. Xue
X. Wang
I. J. Simpson
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
H. Herrmann
D. R. Blake
W. Wang
author_sort Y. Zhu
title Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
title_short Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
title_full Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
title_fullStr Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
title_full_unstemmed Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014
title_sort molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in pm<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of mt. tai, north china, during the wheat burning season of 2014
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn 1680-7316
1680-7324
publishDate 2018-07-01
description <p>Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) samples collected at Mount (Mt.) Tai in the North China Plain during summer 2014 were analyzed for dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls) (DCRCs). The total concentration of DCRCs was 1050±580 and 1040±490&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<sup>−3</sup> during the day and night, respectively. Although these concentrations were about 2 times lower than similar measurements in 2006, the concentrations reported here were about 1–13 times higher than previous measurements in other major cities in the world. Molecular distributions of DCRCs revealed that oxalic acid (C<sub>2</sub>) was the dominant species (50&thinsp;%), followed by succinic acid (C<sub>4</sub>) (12&thinsp;%) and malonic acid (C<sub>3</sub>) (8&thinsp;%). WRF modeling revealed that Mt. Tai was mostly in the free troposphere during the campaign and long-range transport was a major factor governing the distributions of the measured compounds at Mt. Tai. A majority of the samples (79&thinsp;%) had comparable concentrations during the day and night, with their day–night concentration ratios between 0.9 and 1.1. Multi-day transport was considered an important reason for the similar concentrations. Correlation analyses of DCRCs and their gas precursors and between C<sub>2</sub> and sulfate indicated precursor emissions and aqueous-phase oxidations during long-range transport also likely play an important role, especially during the night. Source identification indicated that anthropogenic activities followed by photochemical aging accounted for about 60&thinsp;% of the total variance and were the dominant source at Mt. Tai. However, biomass burning was only important during the first half of the measurement period. Measurements of potassium (<i>K</i><sup>+</sup>) and DCRCs were about 2 times higher than those from the second half of the measurement period. The concentration of levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, decreased by about 80&thinsp;% between 2006 and 2014, indicating that biomass burning may have decreased between 2006 and 2014.</p>
url https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10741/2018/acp-18-10741-2018.pdf
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spelling doaj-133b754c6dbd4a5c98695f1ad57219bf2020-11-24T21:35:39ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-07-0118107411075810.5194/acp-18-10741-2018Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected at the top of Mt. Tai, North China, during the wheat burning season of 2014Y. Zhu0L. Yang1L. Yang2J. Chen3J. Chen4J. Chen5K. Kawamura6K. Kawamura7M. Sato8A. Tilgner9D. van Pinxteren10Y. Chen11Y. Chen12L. Xue13X. Wang14I. J. Simpson15H. Herrmann16H. Herrmann17H. Herrmann18D. R. Blake19W. Wang20Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, ChinaInstitute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japannow at: Chubu Institute of Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, JapanInstitute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, JapanLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germanynow at: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UKEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USAEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, ChinaLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USAEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, China<p>Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) samples collected at Mount (Mt.) Tai in the North China Plain during summer 2014 were analyzed for dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (oxocarboxylic acids and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls) (DCRCs). The total concentration of DCRCs was 1050±580 and 1040±490&thinsp;ng&thinsp;m<sup>−3</sup> during the day and night, respectively. Although these concentrations were about 2 times lower than similar measurements in 2006, the concentrations reported here were about 1–13 times higher than previous measurements in other major cities in the world. Molecular distributions of DCRCs revealed that oxalic acid (C<sub>2</sub>) was the dominant species (50&thinsp;%), followed by succinic acid (C<sub>4</sub>) (12&thinsp;%) and malonic acid (C<sub>3</sub>) (8&thinsp;%). WRF modeling revealed that Mt. Tai was mostly in the free troposphere during the campaign and long-range transport was a major factor governing the distributions of the measured compounds at Mt. Tai. A majority of the samples (79&thinsp;%) had comparable concentrations during the day and night, with their day–night concentration ratios between 0.9 and 1.1. Multi-day transport was considered an important reason for the similar concentrations. Correlation analyses of DCRCs and their gas precursors and between C<sub>2</sub> and sulfate indicated precursor emissions and aqueous-phase oxidations during long-range transport also likely play an important role, especially during the night. Source identification indicated that anthropogenic activities followed by photochemical aging accounted for about 60&thinsp;% of the total variance and were the dominant source at Mt. Tai. However, biomass burning was only important during the first half of the measurement period. Measurements of potassium (<i>K</i><sup>+</sup>) and DCRCs were about 2 times higher than those from the second half of the measurement period. The concentration of levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, decreased by about 80&thinsp;% between 2006 and 2014, indicating that biomass burning may have decreased between 2006 and 2014.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/10741/2018/acp-18-10741-2018.pdf

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