Regulatory T Cells as an Escape Mechanism to the Immune Response in Taenia crassiceps Infection

• Main Authors: Laura Adalid-Peralta, Alexander Lopez-Roblero, Cynthia Camacho-Vázquez, Marisol Nájera-Ocampo, Adrián Guevara-Salinas, Nataly Ruiz-Monroy, Marlene Melo-Salas, Valeria Morales-Ruiz, Dina López-Recinos, Edgar Ortiz-Hernández, Jocelyne Demengeot, Joel A. Vazquez-Perez, Asiel Arce-Sillas, Sandra Gomez-Fuentes, Robert Michael Evans Parkhouse, Gladis Fragoso, Edda Sciutto, Edgar E. Sevilla-Reyes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-01
• Series: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
• Subjects: Tregs; parasites; Taenia crassiceps; cysticercosis; susceptibility
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.630583/full

Murine cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps is a model for human neurocysticercosis. Genetic and/or immune differences may underlie the higher susceptibility to infection in BALB/cAnN with respect to C57BL/6 mice. T regulatory cells (Tregs) could mediate the escape of T. crassiceps from the host immunity. This study is aimed to investigate the role of Tregs in T. crassiceps establishment in susceptible and non-susceptible mouse strains. Treg and effector cells were quantified in lymphoid organs before infection and 5, 30, 90, and 130 days post-infection. The proliferative response post-infection was characterized in vitro. The expression of regulatory and inflammatory molecules was assessed on days 5 and 30 post-infection. Depletion assays were performed to assess Treg functionality. Significantly higher Treg percentages were observed in BALB/cAnN mice, while increased percentages of activated CD127+ cells were found in C57BL/6 mice. The proliferative response was suppressed in susceptible mice, and Treg proliferation occurred only in susceptible mice. Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms may include IL-10 and TGFβ secretion, granzyme- and perforin-mediated cytolysis, metabolic disruption, and cell-to-cell contact. Tregs are functional in BALB/cAnN mice. Therefore Tregs could be allowing parasite establishment and survival in susceptible mice but could play a homeostatic role in non-susceptible strains.