| Summary: | Background and purpose: Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a new diffusion MRI technique that has rarely been applied for glioma grading. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of NODDI in tumour parenchyma (TP) and peritumoural area (PT) for grading gliomas and detecting isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) mutation status. Methods: Forty-two patients (male: 23, female: 19, mean age: 44.5 y) were recruited and underwent whole brain NODDI examination. Intracellular volume fraction (icvf) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) maps were derived. Three ROIs were manually placed on TP and PT regions for each case. The corresponding average values of icvf and ODI were calculated, and their diagnostic efficiency was assessed. Results: Tumours with high icvfTP (≥0.306) and low icvfPT (≤0.331) were more likely to be high-grade gliomas (HGGs), while lesions with low icvfTP (<0.306) and high icvfPT (>0.331) were prone to be low-grade gliomas (LGGs) (P < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model including patient age and icvf values in TP and PT regions most accurately predicted glioma grade (AUC = 0.92, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 89%, respectively. However, no significant differences were found in NODDI metrics for differentiating IDH-1 mutation status. Conclusions: The quantitative NODDI metrics in the TP and PT regions are highly valuable for glioma grading. A multivariate logistic regression model using the patient age and the icvf values in TP and PT regions showed very high predictive power. However, the utility of NODDI metrics for detecting IDH-1 mutation status has not been fully explored, as a larger sample size may be necessary to uncover benefits. Keywords: Glioma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion, Genes, Isocitrate dehydrogenase
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