| Summary: | Perovskite solar cells have gained increasing interest in recent times owing to the rapidly enlarged device efficiency and tunable optoelectronic properties in various applications. In perovskite solar cells, interface engineering plays an important role in determining the final device efficiency and stability. In this study, we adopted TiCl<sub>4</sub> treatment to reduce the surface roughness of the metal oxide layer and improve the perovskite film quality to obtain better device performance. After proper TiCl<sub>4</sub> treatment, the efficiencies of TiCl<sub>4</sub>−TiO<sub>2</sub>- and TiCl<sub>4</sub>−ZnO-based devices were significantly enhanced up to 16.5% and 17.0%, respectively, compared with those based on pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO (13.2% and 10.2%, respectively).
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