Uremic Toxins and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia in the general population. There is a close association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and AF. In recent years, attention has been focused on the relationship between AF and uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS). Several animal...
Main Authors: | Fumi Yamagami, Kazuko Tajiri, Dai Yumino, Masaki Ieda |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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Series: | Toxins |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/597 |
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