Risk Factors and the Biochemical Evaluation of Biliary Calculi in Rural Kolar, Karnataka, India: A Rural Perspective of an Urban Disease

• Main Authors: Shashidhar K. Nagaraj, Prasad Paul, Mohan K. Kumar, Shankar Muninarayanappa, Hemalatha Anantharamaiah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2012-05-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
• Subjects: cholelithiasis; gall stone biochemical analysis; serum lipid profile; bile culture
• Online Access: https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/1907/3553_E(C)_F(T)_PF(V)_PFA(A)_P(_.pdf

Objective: To estimate the biochemical parameters which are responsible for the causation of biliary calculi, with risk factor correlation in Kolar district, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Clinically diagnosed and postoperatively collected gall stones were analyzed to find their chemical composition, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and bilirubin and to evaluate the risk factors which were responsible for the causation of biliary calculi. Out of 4256 surgical admissions in our institute, gall stones were removed from fifty patients who presented with acute abdomen, who were confirmed to have calculus cholecystitis on sonography and these were selected for this study. A detailed history was taken from the patients to analyze the risk factors. The stones were analyzed for their composition; the serum of the patients was collected for analysis of fasting lipid and other serum parameters. Statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS package to find out the descriptive parameters. Results: The highest incidence was seen in patients in the age group of 41-50 years. The female to male ratio was 2.57:1. Among the risk factors, hyperlipidaemia was observed in 64% of the cases, 40% had a sedentary life style, 30% had a history of high fatty diet intake and 12% were on OCP’s. The biochemical analysis of the stones showed 68% patients to have mixed stones, with bilirubin being the major constituent of these stones. Bile culture was positive in 68% of the patients, with E.coli being the most common type of organism observed. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological finding. Conclusion: Only few studies have been done, which have considered the clinical, epidemiological and the biochemical analysis of gall stone in the south Indian urban population. This study adds to the knowledge of the gall stone risk factors in the rural parts of south India. However, more studies with respect to the pathogenesis of gall stones with more number of patients has to be done, to further conclude the gall stone analysis and the risk factors.