| Summary: | <i>Pemphigus spyrothecae</i> Pass. which is a member of the subfamily Pemphiginae is one of the gall-inducing aphids that occurs on poplar trees. Phloem feeding of a founding mother on leaf petiole results in the formation of a new organ, i.e., the spiral gall. This study documents aphid development inside the galls during the growing season and the effect of their feeding on leaf architecture and physiology of the host plant. In particular, leaf length, width, and area were measured, as well as hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content, electrolyte leakage (E<sub>L</sub>), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were determined in galls and galled leaves. The presence of petiole galls significantly decreased the length, width, and leaf area. Aphid activity increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration in galls and E<sub>L</sub> from galls and leaf tissues, which was accompanied by a strong decrease in MDA content and both peroxidase activities, especially in gall tissues. It can be suggested that <i>P. spyrothecae</i> can manipulate physiological machinery of the host plant for its own benefit.
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