Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for unstable hole-transporting materials and expensive electrodes is a recently proposed structure promising better air and moisture stability. In this review paper, we report on the latest advances and state of the ar...
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doaj-0ded26ba134a4744a103fe25df79f5222021-05-31T23:46:25ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-05-01101145114510.3390/electronics10101145Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A ReviewMaria Bidikoudi0Carmen Simal1Elias Stathatos2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334 Patras, GreecePerovskite solar cells (PSCs) with earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for unstable hole-transporting materials and expensive electrodes is a recently proposed structure promising better air and moisture stability. In this review paper, we report on the latest advances and state of the art of Pb-free and low-Pb-content perovskites, used as absorbers in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. The focus is on the implementation of these, environmentally friendly and non-toxic, structures in PSCs with a carbon electrode as a replacement of the noble metal electrode typically used (C-PSCs). The motivation for this study has been the great potential that C-PSCs have shown for the leap towards the commercialization of PSCs. Some of their outstanding properties include low cost, high-stability, ambient processability and compatibility with most up-scaling methods (e.g., printing). By surpassing the key obstacle of toxicity, caused by the Pb content of the highest-performing perovskites, and by combining the advantages of C-PSCs with the Pb-free perovskites low toxicity, this technology will move one step further; this review summarizes the most promising routes that have been reported so far towards that direction.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/10/1145lead-free perovskitescarbon electrodeperovskite solar cellsHTL-freelow Pb contentenvironmentally friendly perovskites |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maria Bidikoudi Carmen Simal Elias Stathatos |
spellingShingle |
Maria Bidikoudi Carmen Simal Elias Stathatos Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review Electronics lead-free perovskites carbon electrode perovskite solar cells HTL-free low Pb content environmentally friendly perovskites |
author_facet |
Maria Bidikoudi Carmen Simal Elias Stathatos |
author_sort |
Maria Bidikoudi |
title |
Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review |
title_short |
Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review |
title_full |
Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review |
title_fullStr |
Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low-Toxicity Perovskite Applications in Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells—A Review |
title_sort |
low-toxicity perovskite applications in carbon electrode perovskite solar cells—a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Electronics |
issn |
2079-9292 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for unstable hole-transporting materials and expensive electrodes is a recently proposed structure promising better air and moisture stability. In this review paper, we report on the latest advances and state of the art of Pb-free and low-Pb-content perovskites, used as absorbers in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. The focus is on the implementation of these, environmentally friendly and non-toxic, structures in PSCs with a carbon electrode as a replacement of the noble metal electrode typically used (C-PSCs). The motivation for this study has been the great potential that C-PSCs have shown for the leap towards the commercialization of PSCs. Some of their outstanding properties include low cost, high-stability, ambient processability and compatibility with most up-scaling methods (e.g., printing). By surpassing the key obstacle of toxicity, caused by the Pb content of the highest-performing perovskites, and by combining the advantages of C-PSCs with the Pb-free perovskites low toxicity, this technology will move one step further; this review summarizes the most promising routes that have been reported so far towards that direction. |
topic |
lead-free perovskites carbon electrode perovskite solar cells HTL-free low Pb content environmentally friendly perovskites |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/10/1145 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mariabidikoudi lowtoxicityperovskiteapplicationsincarbonelectrodeperovskitesolarcellsareview AT carmensimal lowtoxicityperovskiteapplicationsincarbonelectrodeperovskitesolarcellsareview AT eliasstathatos lowtoxicityperovskiteapplicationsincarbonelectrodeperovskitesolarcellsareview |
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