What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons

Abstract This article presents an empirical study that examines the teaching of conspiracy theories as part of the lower secondary history curriculum in Denmark. We argue that this topic is highly relevant, especially when taught in relation to the use of history. Within this approach, answering...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rikke Alberg Peters, Hildegunn Juulsgaard Johannesen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Oslo Library 2020-12-01
Series:Acta Didactica Norden
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.uio.no/adnorden/article/view/8377
id doaj-0da22e7444d44c17bfccee54fad4a8cb
record_format Article
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Rikke Alberg Peters
Hildegunn Juulsgaard Johannesen
spellingShingle Rikke Alberg Peters
Hildegunn Juulsgaard Johannesen
What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
Acta Didactica Norden
conspiracy theories, alternative narratives, use of history, controversial issues, teaching strategies, historical reflection
author_facet Rikke Alberg Peters
Hildegunn Juulsgaard Johannesen
author_sort Rikke Alberg Peters
title What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
title_short What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
title_full What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
title_fullStr What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
title_full_unstemmed What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
title_sort what is actually true? approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessons
publisher University of Oslo Library
series Acta Didactica Norden
issn 2535-8219
publishDate 2020-12-01
description Abstract This article presents an empirical study that examines the teaching of conspiracy theories as part of the lower secondary history curriculum in Denmark. We argue that this topic is highly relevant, especially when taught in relation to the use of history. Within this approach, answering questions about true and false is secondary to understanding how and why alternative narratives co-exist and, at times, conflict. By applying a qualitative action research approach involving two teachers who taught in three different classes, our aim was to obtain in-depth knowledge of what happens in the classroom when different teaching strategies are applied, as well as to determine whether and, if so, how students show signs of critical thinking and historical reflection. Our results show that, although they required extended contextual knowledge to practise source evaluation and historical reflection, the students were highly motivated and participated actively in discussions. Both teachers in the study used an open-ended dialogic and enquiry-based approach to prompt their students to investigate the theories for themselves and to draw their own conclusions. When teachers facilitate classroom discussions in an open-ended way, the complex existential aspects of the use of history are opened up and students are given the opportunity to explore the complexity of historical narratives. During the observations, we noted some high-level examples of historical reflection and contextualisation among the students. However, the teaching of conspiracy theories is not an easy task, and teachers face many ethical dilemmas when deciding which role to adopt. Keywords: conspiracy theories, alternative narratives, use of history, controversial issues, teaching strategies, historical reflection   Hvad er egentlig sandt? Tilgange til at undervise i konspirationsteorier og alternative forklaringer i historiefaget Sammendrag Denne artikel præsenterer et empirisk studie af, hvordan der kan undervises i konspira­tionsteorier i historie i udskolingen på en måde så elevernes historiske refleksion op­øves. Emnet er yderst historiefagligt relevant, særligt hvis det undersøges i forbindelse med historiebrug. I denne optik er besvarelser af spørgsmål om sandt og falsk sekundært i forhold til at forstå, hvordan og hvorfor alternative fortællinger eksisterer og til tider kommer i konflikt. Ved at anvende en kvalitativ aktionsforskningsmetode, der invol­verede et tæt samarbejde med to lærere, som underviste i tre forskellige klasser, var vores mål at opnå dybdegående viden om, hvad der sker i klasselokalet, når forskellige undervisningsstrategier tages i brug, samt at afgøre, om og i givet fald hvordan eleverne viste tegn på kritisk tænkning og historisk refleksion. Vores resultater viser, at selvom eleverne havde brug for omfattende kontekstuel viden for at kunne praktisere kildekritik og historisk refleksion, så var eleverne meget motiverede og deltog aktivt i klassediskussioner. Begge lærere i undersøgelsen brugte en åben dialogisk og undersøgelsesbaseret tilgang til at få deres elever til at undersøge teorierne for sig selv og til at drage deres egne konklusioner. Når lærere benytter en åben tilgang til diskussioner i klasseværelset, så åbnes der op for forståelsen af de mere komplekse eksistentielle aspekter af brugen af historie, og eleverne får dermed mulighed for at arbejde med kompleksiteten i historiske fortællinger. Vores observationer viser nogle eksempler på historisk refleksion og kontekstforståelse på højt niveau. Imidlertid er undervisningen i konspirationsteorier ikke en let opgave, og lærere står over for mange etiske dilemmaer, når de skal beslutte, hvilken rolle de skal indtage. Nøkkelord: konspirationsteorier, alternative fortællinger, historiebrug, kontroversielle emner, undervisningsstrategier, historisk refleksion
topic conspiracy theories, alternative narratives, use of history, controversial issues, teaching strategies, historical reflection
url https://journals.uio.no/adnorden/article/view/8377
work_keys_str_mv AT rikkealbergpeters whatisactuallytrueapproachestoteachingconspiracytheoriesandalternativenarrativesinhistorylessons
AT hildegunnjuulsgaardjohannesen whatisactuallytrueapproachestoteachingconspiracytheoriesandalternativenarrativesinhistorylessons
_version_ 1721422085875564544
spelling doaj-0da22e7444d44c17bfccee54fad4a8cb2021-05-29T12:58:19ZengUniversity of Oslo LibraryActa Didactica Norden2535-82192020-12-0114410.5617/adno.8377What is actually true? Approaches to teaching conspiracy theories and alternative narratives in history lessonsRikke Alberg Peters0Hildegunn Juulsgaard Johannesen1University College LillebaeltUniversity of Southern Denmark Abstract This article presents an empirical study that examines the teaching of conspiracy theories as part of the lower secondary history curriculum in Denmark. We argue that this topic is highly relevant, especially when taught in relation to the use of history. Within this approach, answering questions about true and false is secondary to understanding how and why alternative narratives co-exist and, at times, conflict. By applying a qualitative action research approach involving two teachers who taught in three different classes, our aim was to obtain in-depth knowledge of what happens in the classroom when different teaching strategies are applied, as well as to determine whether and, if so, how students show signs of critical thinking and historical reflection. Our results show that, although they required extended contextual knowledge to practise source evaluation and historical reflection, the students were highly motivated and participated actively in discussions. Both teachers in the study used an open-ended dialogic and enquiry-based approach to prompt their students to investigate the theories for themselves and to draw their own conclusions. When teachers facilitate classroom discussions in an open-ended way, the complex existential aspects of the use of history are opened up and students are given the opportunity to explore the complexity of historical narratives. During the observations, we noted some high-level examples of historical reflection and contextualisation among the students. However, the teaching of conspiracy theories is not an easy task, and teachers face many ethical dilemmas when deciding which role to adopt. Keywords: conspiracy theories, alternative narratives, use of history, controversial issues, teaching strategies, historical reflection   Hvad er egentlig sandt? Tilgange til at undervise i konspirationsteorier og alternative forklaringer i historiefaget Sammendrag Denne artikel præsenterer et empirisk studie af, hvordan der kan undervises i konspira­tionsteorier i historie i udskolingen på en måde så elevernes historiske refleksion op­øves. Emnet er yderst historiefagligt relevant, særligt hvis det undersøges i forbindelse med historiebrug. I denne optik er besvarelser af spørgsmål om sandt og falsk sekundært i forhold til at forstå, hvordan og hvorfor alternative fortællinger eksisterer og til tider kommer i konflikt. Ved at anvende en kvalitativ aktionsforskningsmetode, der invol­verede et tæt samarbejde med to lærere, som underviste i tre forskellige klasser, var vores mål at opnå dybdegående viden om, hvad der sker i klasselokalet, når forskellige undervisningsstrategier tages i brug, samt at afgøre, om og i givet fald hvordan eleverne viste tegn på kritisk tænkning og historisk refleksion. Vores resultater viser, at selvom eleverne havde brug for omfattende kontekstuel viden for at kunne praktisere kildekritik og historisk refleksion, så var eleverne meget motiverede og deltog aktivt i klassediskussioner. Begge lærere i undersøgelsen brugte en åben dialogisk og undersøgelsesbaseret tilgang til at få deres elever til at undersøge teorierne for sig selv og til at drage deres egne konklusioner. Når lærere benytter en åben tilgang til diskussioner i klasseværelset, så åbnes der op for forståelsen af de mere komplekse eksistentielle aspekter af brugen af historie, og eleverne får dermed mulighed for at arbejde med kompleksiteten i historiske fortællinger. Vores observationer viser nogle eksempler på historisk refleksion og kontekstforståelse på højt niveau. Imidlertid er undervisningen i konspirationsteorier ikke en let opgave, og lærere står over for mange etiske dilemmaer, når de skal beslutte, hvilken rolle de skal indtage. Nøkkelord: konspirationsteorier, alternative fortællinger, historiebrug, kontroversielle emner, undervisningsstrategier, historisk refleksion https://journals.uio.no/adnorden/article/view/8377conspiracy theories, alternative narratives, use of history, controversial issues, teaching strategies, historical reflection