Spectrum Occupancy Reconstruction in Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks Using Deep Learning

• Main Authors: Mduduzi C. Hlophe, Sunil B. T. Maharaj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 2019-01-01
• Series: IEEE Access
• Subjects: Cognitive radio networks; ising model; matrix factorization; metropolis-Hastings algorithm; missing values; stochastic gradient descent
• Online Access: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8624503/

Spectrum occupancy reconstruction is an important issue often encountered in collaborative spectrum sensing in distributed cognitive radio networks (CRNs). This issue arises when the spectrum sensing data that are collaborated by secondary users have gaps of missing entries. Many data imputation techniques, such as matrix completion techniques, have shown great promise in dealing with missing spectrum sensing observations by reconstructing the spectrum occupancy data matrix. However, matrix completion approaches achieve lower reconstruction resolution due to the use of standard singular value decomposition (SVD), which is designed for more general matrices. In this paper, we consider the problem of spectrum occupancy reconstruction where the spectrum sensing results across the CRN are represented as a plenary grid on a Markov random field. We formulate the problem as a magnetic excitation state recovery problem, and the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is applied to solve the matrix factorization. SGD is able to learn and impute the missing values with a low reconstruction error compared with SVD. The graphical and numerical results show that the SGD algorithm competes favorably SVD in the matrix factorization by taking advantage of correlations in multiple dimensions.