Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions
AimSubjective perceptions of exercising exertion are integral to maintaining homeostasis. Traditional methods have utilized scores of ‘rating of perceived exertion’ (RPE) to quantify these subjective perceptions, and here we aimed to test whether RPE may encompass identifiable localized perceptions...
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doaj-0cc081af604d418ab2a23f1932c17b6c2020-11-25T01:02:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2019-03-011010.3389/fphys.2019.00229433469Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic ConditionsOlivia K. Faull0Olivia K. Faull1David J. Dearlove2Kieran Clarke3Pete J. Cox4Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomAimSubjective perceptions of exercising exertion are integral to maintaining homeostasis. Traditional methods have utilized scores of ‘rating of perceived exertion’ (RPE) to quantify these subjective perceptions, and here we aimed to test whether RPE may encompass identifiable localized perceptions from the lungs (breathlessness) and legs (leg discomfort), as well as their corresponding measures of anxiety. We utilized the intervention of ketoacidosis (via consumption of an exogenous ketone ester drink) to independently perturb exercise-related metabolites and humoral signals, thus allowing us to additionally identify the possible contributing physiological signals to each of these perceptions.MethodsTwelve trained volunteers underwent two incremental bicycle ergometer tests to exhaustion, following ingestion of either an exogenous ketone ester or a taste-matched placebo drink. Cardiorespiratory measures, blood samples and perceived exertion scales were taken throughout. Firstly, two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were employed to identify the overall effects of ketoacidosis, followed by generalized linear mixed model regression to isolate physiological predictors contributing to each perception.ResultsRating of perceived exertion was found to contain contributions from localized perceptions of breathlessness and leg discomfort, with no measurable effect of ketoacidosis on overall exertion. Leg discomfort, anxiety of breathing and anxiety of leg discomfort were increased during ketoacidosis, and correspondingly contained pH within their prediction models. Anxiety of leg discomfort also encompassed additional humoral signals of blood glucose and ketone concentrations.ConclusionThese results indicate the presence of localized components of RPE in the form of breathlessness and leg discomfort. Furthermore, subjective perceptions of anxiety appear to result from a complex interplay of humoral signals, which may be evolutionarily important when monitoring exertion under times of metabolic stress, such as during starvation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00229/fullexerciseperceptionRPEketoacidosisanxiety |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Olivia K. Faull Olivia K. Faull David J. Dearlove Kieran Clarke Pete J. Cox |
spellingShingle |
Olivia K. Faull Olivia K. Faull David J. Dearlove Kieran Clarke Pete J. Cox Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions Frontiers in Physiology exercise perception RPE ketoacidosis anxiety |
author_facet |
Olivia K. Faull Olivia K. Faull David J. Dearlove Kieran Clarke Pete J. Cox |
author_sort |
Olivia K. Faull |
title |
Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions |
title_short |
Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions |
title_full |
Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions |
title_fullStr |
Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions |
title_sort |
beyond rpe: the perception of exercise under normal and ketotic conditions |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
AimSubjective perceptions of exercising exertion are integral to maintaining homeostasis. Traditional methods have utilized scores of ‘rating of perceived exertion’ (RPE) to quantify these subjective perceptions, and here we aimed to test whether RPE may encompass identifiable localized perceptions from the lungs (breathlessness) and legs (leg discomfort), as well as their corresponding measures of anxiety. We utilized the intervention of ketoacidosis (via consumption of an exogenous ketone ester drink) to independently perturb exercise-related metabolites and humoral signals, thus allowing us to additionally identify the possible contributing physiological signals to each of these perceptions.MethodsTwelve trained volunteers underwent two incremental bicycle ergometer tests to exhaustion, following ingestion of either an exogenous ketone ester or a taste-matched placebo drink. Cardiorespiratory measures, blood samples and perceived exertion scales were taken throughout. Firstly, two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were employed to identify the overall effects of ketoacidosis, followed by generalized linear mixed model regression to isolate physiological predictors contributing to each perception.ResultsRating of perceived exertion was found to contain contributions from localized perceptions of breathlessness and leg discomfort, with no measurable effect of ketoacidosis on overall exertion. Leg discomfort, anxiety of breathing and anxiety of leg discomfort were increased during ketoacidosis, and correspondingly contained pH within their prediction models. Anxiety of leg discomfort also encompassed additional humoral signals of blood glucose and ketone concentrations.ConclusionThese results indicate the presence of localized components of RPE in the form of breathlessness and leg discomfort. Furthermore, subjective perceptions of anxiety appear to result from a complex interplay of humoral signals, which may be evolutionarily important when monitoring exertion under times of metabolic stress, such as during starvation. |
topic |
exercise perception RPE ketoacidosis anxiety |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00229/full |
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