Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-related Adverse Events in Digestive System Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

• Main Authors: Yue LI, Hanping WANG, Xiaoxiao GUO, Jiaxin ZHOU, Lian DUAN, Xiaoyan SI, Li ZHANG, Xiaowei LIU, Jiaming QIAN
• Format: Article
• Language: zho
• Published: Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Chinese Antituberculosis Association 2019-10-01
• Series: Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer
• Subjects: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors; Immune-related adverse events; Liver toxicity; Gastrointestinal adverse events
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.10.10

Immunotherapy for malignant tumors is a hot spot in current research and treatment of cancer. The activation of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA)-4 relevant signaling pathway can inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes. Tumor cells can achieve immune escape by activating this signaling pathway. By inhibiting this signaling pathway, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate T lymphocytes to clear the tumor cells. Therefore, the adverse effects of ICIs are mainly immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The digestive system, including gastrointestinal tract and liver are vital organs of digestion and absorption, metabolism and detoxification, as well as important immune related organs, which are the commonly affected system of irAEs. This review separately explains the incidence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of liver and gastrointestinal adverse events in ICIs.