The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records

The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records

<p>A new ice core drilled at the South Pole provides a 54&thinsp;000-year paleoenvironmental record including the composition of the past atmosphere. This paper describes the SP19 chronology for the South Pole atmospheric gas record and complements a previous paper (Winski et al., 2019) de...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: J. A. Epifanio, E. J. Brook, C. Buizert, J. S. Edwards, T. A. Sowers, E. C. Kahle, J. P. Severinghaus, E. J. Steig, D. A. Winski, E. C. Osterberg, T. J. Fudge, M. Aydin, E. Hood, M. Kalk, K. J. Kreutz, D. G. Ferris, J. A. Kennedy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2020-12-01
Series:Climate of the Past
Online Access:https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/2431/2020/cp-16-2431-2020.pdf
id doaj-0c0612043472464eab5a0f65e13fb549
record_format Article
spelling doaj-0c0612043472464eab5a0f65e13fb5492020-12-07T07:33:17ZengCopernicus PublicationsClimate of the Past1814-93241814-93322020-12-01162431244410.5194/cp-16-2431-2020The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric recordsJ. A. Epifanio0E. J. Brook1C. Buizert2J. S. Edwards3T. A. Sowers4E. C. Kahle5J. P. Severinghaus6E. J. Steig7D. A. Winski8D. A. Winski9E. C. Osterberg10T. J. Fudge11M. Aydin12E. Hood13M. Kalk14K. J. Kreutz15K. J. Kreutz16D. G. Ferris17J. A. Kennedy18College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USACollege of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USACollege of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USACollege of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USAThe Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USADepartment of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USADepartment of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USADepartment of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USADepartment of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USARosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USACollege of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USAClimate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USADepartment of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA<p>A new ice core drilled at the South Pole provides a 54&thinsp;000-year paleoenvironmental record including the composition of the past atmosphere. This paper describes the SP19 chronology for the South Pole atmospheric gas record and complements a previous paper (Winski et al., 2019) describing the SP19 ice chronology. The gas chronology is based on a discrete methane (CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>) record with 20- to 190-year resolution. To construct the gas timescale, abrupt changes in atmospheric CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> during the glacial period and centennial CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> variability during the Holocene were used to synchronize the South Pole gas record with analogous data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core. Stratigraphic matching based on visual optimization was verified using an automated matching algorithm. The South Pole ice core recovers all expected changes in CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> based on previous records. Gas transport in the firn results in smoothing of the atmospheric gas record with a smoothing function spectral width that ranges from 30 to 78 years, equal to 3&thinsp;% of the gas-age–ice-age difference, or <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>age. The new gas chronology, in combination with the existing ice age scale from Winski et al. (2019), allows a model-independent reconstruction of the gas-age–ice-age difference through the whole record, which will be useful for testing firn densification models.</p>https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/2431/2020/cp-16-2431-2020.pdf
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author J. A. Epifanio
E. J. Brook
C. Buizert
J. S. Edwards
T. A. Sowers
E. C. Kahle
J. P. Severinghaus
E. J. Steig
D. A. Winski
D. A. Winski
E. C. Osterberg
T. J. Fudge
M. Aydin
E. Hood
M. Kalk
K. J. Kreutz
K. J. Kreutz
D. G. Ferris
J. A. Kennedy
spellingShingle J. A. Epifanio
E. J. Brook
C. Buizert
J. S. Edwards
T. A. Sowers
E. C. Kahle
J. P. Severinghaus
E. J. Steig
D. A. Winski
D. A. Winski
E. C. Osterberg
T. J. Fudge
M. Aydin
E. Hood
M. Kalk
K. J. Kreutz
K. J. Kreutz
D. G. Ferris
J. A. Kennedy
The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
Climate of the Past
author_facet J. A. Epifanio
E. J. Brook
C. Buizert
J. S. Edwards
T. A. Sowers
E. C. Kahle
J. P. Severinghaus
E. J. Steig
D. A. Winski
D. A. Winski
E. C. Osterberg
T. J. Fudge
M. Aydin
E. Hood
M. Kalk
K. J. Kreutz
K. J. Kreutz
D. G. Ferris
J. A. Kennedy
author_sort J. A. Epifanio
title The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
title_short The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
title_full The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
title_fullStr The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
title_full_unstemmed The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 2: gas chronology, Δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
title_sort sp19 chronology for the south pole ice core – part 2: gas chronology, δage, and smoothing of atmospheric records
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Climate of the Past
issn 1814-9324
1814-9332
publishDate 2020-12-01
description <p>A new ice core drilled at the South Pole provides a 54&thinsp;000-year paleoenvironmental record including the composition of the past atmosphere. This paper describes the SP19 chronology for the South Pole atmospheric gas record and complements a previous paper (Winski et al., 2019) describing the SP19 ice chronology. The gas chronology is based on a discrete methane (CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>) record with 20- to 190-year resolution. To construct the gas timescale, abrupt changes in atmospheric CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> during the glacial period and centennial CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> variability during the Holocene were used to synchronize the South Pole gas record with analogous data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core. Stratigraphic matching based on visual optimization was verified using an automated matching algorithm. The South Pole ice core recovers all expected changes in CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> based on previous records. Gas transport in the firn results in smoothing of the atmospheric gas record with a smoothing function spectral width that ranges from 30 to 78 years, equal to 3&thinsp;% of the gas-age–ice-age difference, or <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>age. The new gas chronology, in combination with the existing ice age scale from Winski et al. (2019), allows a model-independent reconstruction of the gas-age–ice-age difference through the whole record, which will be useful for testing firn densification models.</p>
url https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/2431/2020/cp-16-2431-2020.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT jaepifanio thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ejbrook thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT cbuizert thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jsedwards thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT tasowers thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT eckahle thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jpseveringhaus thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ejsteig thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dawinski thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dawinski thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ecosterberg thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT tjfudge thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT maydin thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ehood thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT mkalk thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT kjkreutz thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT kjkreutz thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dgferris thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jakennedy thesp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jaepifanio sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ejbrook sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT cbuizert sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jsedwards sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT tasowers sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT eckahle sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jpseveringhaus sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ejsteig sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dawinski sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dawinski sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ecosterberg sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT tjfudge sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT maydin sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT ehood sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT mkalk sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT kjkreutz sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT kjkreutz sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT dgferris sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
AT jakennedy sp19chronologyforthesouthpoleicecorepart2gaschronologydageandsmoothingofatmosphericrecords
_version_ 1724397900519178240

Similar Items