| Summary: | Laser ablation in liquid was utilized to prepare a TiO<sub>2</sub> NP suspension in in deionized distilled water using Q-switch Nd: YAG laser at various laser energies and ablation times. The samples were characterized using UV–visible absorption spectra obtained with a UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis,) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). While, UV-Vis spectra showed the characteristic band-to-band absorption peak of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs in the UV range. FTIR analysis showed the existence of O-Ti-O bond. XRD patterns indicated the presence of (101) and (112) plane crystalline phases of TiO<sub>2</sub>. TEM images showed a spherical-like structure of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs with various size distributions depending on the ablation period. It was also found that there is a relationship between laser ablation time and TiO<sub>2</sub> NP size distribution, where longer ablation times led to the smaller size distribution. The antibacterial activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was evaluated with different species of bacteria such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, using the liquid approach. The optimum activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs is found to be against <i>E. coli</i> at 1000 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, adding, TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (1000 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>) in the presence of amoxicillin has a synergic effect on <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> growth, as measured by the well diffusion method. However, both <i>E. coli</i> (11.6 ± 0.57mm) and <i>S. aureus</i> (13.3 ± 0.57mm) were inhibited by this process.
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