Pattern of cigarette smoking: intensity, cessation, and age of beginning: evidence from a cohort study in West of Iran

• Main Authors: Behrooz Hamzeh, Vahid Farnia, Mehdi Moradinazar, Yahya Pasdar, Ebrahim Shakiba, Farid Najafi, Mostafa Alikhani
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020-10-01
• Series: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
• Subjects: Cigarette smoking; Prevalence; Smoking cessation
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00324-z

Abstract Background Smoking is a social epidemic and one of the main risk factors for premature deaths and disabilities worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the Pattern of Cigarette Smoking: intensity, cessation, and age of the beginning. Methods Data collected from the recruitment phase of Ravansar (a Kurd region in western Iran) Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study was analyzed by using Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, Poisson regression, and linear regression. Results Totally 10,035 individuals (47.42% males) participated in the study. Mean age was lower for males (47.45 yr) than for females (48.36 yr). Prevalence of smoking was 20% (36.4% of males and 5.23% of females). Compared to female participants, males showed a 7-fold higher prevalence of smoking and started smoking about 4 years earlier. Being married, having a lower BMI, living in rural areas, and being exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) were predictors of higher smoking prevalence rates. Furthermore, current exposure to SHS, higher smoking intensity, later smoking initiation, male gender, younger age, lower education, and lower BMI were related to lower likelihood of stopping smoking. Heavy smokers began to smoke about 4 years earlier than casual smokers did. Finally, being divorced/ widow/ widower/ single and childhood exposure to SHS were found to increase the likelihood of becoming a smoker. Conclusions Based on present research results, health programs specific to smoking cessation should take socio-demographic factors, smoking history, and current smoking behavior into account.