The effect of dust on the chemical and microbiological qualities of the date palm fruits from Bushehr-Iran

• Main Authors: Hussain Delkhah, Gholamhossain Mohebbi, Noshin Hasanzadeh, Gholamreza Kohan, Rahim Tahmasebi, Sosan Sadri, Yahya Rezaei, Katayon Vahdat, Amineh Hasanzadeh, Hussain Darabi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bushehr University of Medical Sciences 2015-04-01
• Series: Iranian South Medical Journal
• Subjects: Dates; dust; mold; yeast; acid insoluble ash; total ash
• Online Access: http://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-564&slc_lang=en&sid=1
• ISSN: 1735-4374; 1735-6954

Background: The date palm cultivation has a long history in Bushehr province. Throughout the recent decade the dusts, in addition to direct harmful effects on humans, have adverse effects on health of the population living in this area. The infestation of pests in the southern province of Bushehr has groves. Due to the importance of dates in this area, the total ash and acid insoluble ash as indexes for assessing of chemical pollution and also, mold and yeast as indicators for microbial contamination were evaluated. Recently in a number of dates packaging industries, washing the products after the harvest is done. In current study, the effects of rinsing to decrease the dust pollution on date palm along with, the time effect on the quality and durability of washed and un-washed dates were investigated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 48 washed and un-washed dates were sampled from traditional and technologically advanced packaging industries, equally, and were confirmed according to ISIRI methods. Results: The Averages of total and acid insoluble ashes in washed date samples were:1.05&plusmn;0.14 and 3.32&plusmn;0.32%, and for un-washed samples were 1.36&plusmn;0.27 and 4.59&plusmn;1.64 percent, respectively. In all date samples were presented the yeast, however, their means were lower than the maximum limit (1&times;104 CFU). Also, all date samples were moldy. The Mean percentage of total ash samples in un-rinsed and rinsed dates were approximately, 1.84 and 1.33 times more than the maximum permissible limit, respectively. The mean of acid insoluble ash in all samples (100%), and 98% of total ash were higher than acceptable levels (p<0.05). The results revealed that the average percentage difference between the two groups were transpicuous, while this difference was not significant (p=0.13). Under the similar conditions, the average amount of yeast in washed date samples, were significantly different (p<0.05) and more than un-wash samples. The Mold levels in un-rinsed and rinsed samples were 83.3 and 75% higher than the maximum permissible limit. According to the results, regardless of a decrease in amount of molds in washed samples than un-wash samples, the rinsing, was unable to eliminate the pollution, or even decreased it to acceptable levels. Conclusion: According to the findings, present rinsing is not an appropriate method for long storage. Observations, after one year upkeep in the same conditions, expressed that all un-washed date samples were apparently healthy, without any pests and insects. While 91.6% of the washed samples were insectivores, also their textured appearances were very unpleasant.