Hierarchical Porous, N-Containing Carbon Supports for High Loading Sulfur Cathodes

• Main Authors: Jae-Woo Park, Hyun Jin Hwang, Hui-Ju Kang, Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari, Tae-Gyu Lee, Byeong-Hyeon An, Sung Yong Cho, Young-Si Jun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: Nanomaterials
• Subjects: lithium–sulfur batteries; high loading sulfur cathodes; hierarchical porous structures; pyridinic N functional groups; molecular cooperative assemblies; reactive templates
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/408

The lithium-polysulfide (LiPS) dissolution from the cathode to the organic electrolyte is the main challenge for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, we present a multi-functional porous carbon, melamine cyanurate (MCA)-glucose-derived carbon (MGC), with superior porosity, electrical conductivity, and polysulfide affinity as an efficient sulfur support to mitigate the shuttle effect. MGC is prepared via a reactive templating approach, wherein the organic MCA crystals are utilized as the pore-/micro-structure-directing agent and nitrogen source. The homogeneous coating of spherical MCA crystal particles with glucose followed by carbonization at 600 °C leads to the formation of hierarchical porous hollow carbon spheres with abundant pyridinic N-functional groups without losing their microstructural ordering. Moreover, MGC enables facile penetration and intensive anchoring of LiPS, especially under high loading sulfur conditions. Consequently, the MGC cathode exhibited a high areal capacity of 5.79 mAh cm⁻² at 1 mA cm⁻² and high loading sulfur of 6.0 mg cm⁻² with a minor capacity decay rate of 0.18% per cycle for 100 cycles.