A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol

In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3&#8242;-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>...

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Main Authors: Jian Hu, Hao Dai, Yanbo Zeng, Yiwen Yang, Hailong Wang, Xudong Zhu, Lei Li, Guobao Zhou, Ruoyu Chen, Longhua Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-04-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/4/513
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spelling doaj-08ae43985bfb4d48812413d76a5d81312020-11-24T20:54:35ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912019-04-019451310.3390/nano9040513nano9040513A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-NonylphenolJian Hu0Hao Dai1Yanbo Zeng2Yiwen Yang3Hailong Wang4Xudong Zhu5Lei Li6Guobao Zhou7Ruoyu Chen8Longhua Guo9School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, ChinaSchool of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaCollege of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ChinaSchool of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, ChinaIn this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3&#8242;-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)). Poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3&#8722;/4&#8722;</sup>, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 &#956;M. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 &#956;M (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/4/513poly(ionic liquid)cross-linkerelectrochemical detection4-nonylphenol
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Jian Hu
Hao Dai
Yanbo Zeng
Yiwen Yang
Hailong Wang
Xudong Zhu
Lei Li
Guobao Zhou
Ruoyu Chen
Longhua Guo
spellingShingle Jian Hu
Hao Dai
Yanbo Zeng
Yiwen Yang
Hailong Wang
Xudong Zhu
Lei Li
Guobao Zhou
Ruoyu Chen
Longhua Guo
A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
Nanomaterials
poly(ionic liquid)
cross-linker
electrochemical detection
4-nonylphenol
author_facet Jian Hu
Hao Dai
Yanbo Zeng
Yiwen Yang
Hailong Wang
Xudong Zhu
Lei Li
Guobao Zhou
Ruoyu Chen
Longhua Guo
author_sort Jian Hu
title A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
title_short A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
title_full A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
title_fullStr A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
title_full_unstemmed A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol
title_sort cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) for sensitive electrochemical detection of 4-nonylphenol
publisher MDPI AG
series Nanomaterials
issn 2079-4991
publishDate 2019-04-01
description In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3&#8242;-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)). Poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3&#8722;/4&#8722;</sup>, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 &#956;M. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 &#956;M (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>4</sub>(mim)<sub>2</sub>]Br<sub>2</sub>)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.
topic poly(ionic liquid)
cross-linker
electrochemical detection
4-nonylphenol
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/9/4/513
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