Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation

Ganoderic acids (GAs) are a type of highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>. They have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-HIV-1,...

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Main Authors: Li Meng, Xiaoran Bai, Shaoyan Zhang, Mengfei Zhang, Sen Zhou, Irum Mukhtar, Li Wang, Zhuang Li, Wei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-06-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/11/2830
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spelling doaj-07f8c9697f7a4332a4fadafebcd4819e2020-11-24T21:53:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-06-012011283010.3390/ijms20112830ijms20112830Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation SupplementationLi Meng0Xiaoran Bai1Shaoyan Zhang2Mengfei Zhang3Sen Zhou4Irum Mukhtar5Li Wang6Zhuang Li7Wei Wang8Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaInstitute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaGanoderic acids (GAs) are a type of highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>. They have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antioxidation, and cholesterol reduction functions. Inducer supplementation is viewed as a promising technology for the production of GAs. This study found that supplementation with sodium acetate (4 mM) significantly increased the GAs content of fruiting bodies by 28.63% compared to the control. In order to explore the mechanism of ganoderic acid accumulation, the transcriptional responses of key GAs biosynthetic genes, including the acetyl coenzyme A synthase gene, and the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling and acetyl-CoA content have been analyzed. The results showed that the expression of three key GAs biosynthetic genes (<i>hmgs</i>, <i>fps</i>, and <i>sqs</i>) were significantly up-regulated. Analysis indicated that the acetate ion increased the expression of genes related to acetic acid assimilation and increased GAs biosynthesis, thereby resulting in the accumulation of GAs. Further investigation of the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling revealed that Na<sup>+</sup> supplementation and the consequent exchange of Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> induced GAs biosynthesis. Overall, this study indicates a feasible new approach of utilizing sodium acetate elicitation for the enhanced production of valuable GAs content in <i>G. lucidum</i>, and also provided the primary mechanism of GAs accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/11/2830medical fungiganoderma triterpenescalcineurin signalacetyl-CoA
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Li Meng
Xiaoran Bai
Shaoyan Zhang
Mengfei Zhang
Sen Zhou
Irum Mukhtar
Li Wang
Zhuang Li
Wei Wang
spellingShingle Li Meng
Xiaoran Bai
Shaoyan Zhang
Mengfei Zhang
Sen Zhou
Irum Mukhtar
Li Wang
Zhuang Li
Wei Wang
Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
medical fungi
ganoderma triterpenes
calcineurin signal
acetyl-CoA
author_facet Li Meng
Xiaoran Bai
Shaoyan Zhang
Mengfei Zhang
Sen Zhou
Irum Mukhtar
Li Wang
Zhuang Li
Wei Wang
author_sort Li Meng
title Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
title_short Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
title_full Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
title_fullStr Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Ganoderic Acids Accumulation and Transcriptional Responses of Biosynthetic Genes in <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Fruiting Bodies by Elicitation Supplementation
title_sort enhanced ganoderic acids accumulation and transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in <i>ganoderma lucidum</i> fruiting bodies by elicitation supplementation
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1422-0067
publishDate 2019-06-01
description Ganoderic acids (GAs) are a type of highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>. They have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-HIV-1, antioxidation, and cholesterol reduction functions. Inducer supplementation is viewed as a promising technology for the production of GAs. This study found that supplementation with sodium acetate (4 mM) significantly increased the GAs content of fruiting bodies by 28.63% compared to the control. In order to explore the mechanism of ganoderic acid accumulation, the transcriptional responses of key GAs biosynthetic genes, including the acetyl coenzyme A synthase gene, and the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling and acetyl-CoA content have been analyzed. The results showed that the expression of three key GAs biosynthetic genes (<i>hmgs</i>, <i>fps</i>, and <i>sqs</i>) were significantly up-regulated. Analysis indicated that the acetate ion increased the expression of genes related to acetic acid assimilation and increased GAs biosynthesis, thereby resulting in the accumulation of GAs. Further investigation of the expression levels of genes involved in calcineurin signaling revealed that Na<sup>+</sup> supplementation and the consequent exchange of Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> induced GAs biosynthesis. Overall, this study indicates a feasible new approach of utilizing sodium acetate elicitation for the enhanced production of valuable GAs content in <i>G. lucidum</i>, and also provided the primary mechanism of GAs accumulation.
topic medical fungi
ganoderma triterpenes
calcineurin signal
acetyl-CoA
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/11/2830
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