Identification of Multi-Class Drugs Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Networks

• Main Authors: Anbing Zheng, Huihua Yang, Xipeng Pan, Lihui Yin, Yanchun Feng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: Sensors
• Subjects: near-infrared spectroscopy; drug identification; multi-class classification; deep learning; generative adversarial networks
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1088

Drug detection and identification technology are of great significance in drug supervision and management. To determine the exact source of drugs, it is often necessary to directly identify multiple varieties of drugs produced by multiple manufacturers. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with chemometrics is generally used in these cases. However, existing NIR classification modeling methods have great limitations in dealing with a large number of categories and spectra, especially under the premise of insufficient samples, unbalanced samples, and sensitive identification error cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a NIR multi-classification modeling method based on a modified Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Networks (Bi-GAN). It makes full utilization of the powerful feature extraction ability and good sample generation quality of Bi-GAN and uses the generated samples with obvious features, an equal number between classes, and a sufficient number within classes to replace the unbalanced and insufficient real samples in the courses of spectral classification. 1721 samples of four kinds of drugs produced by 29 manufacturers were used as experimental materials, and the results demonstrate that this method is superior to other comparative methods in drug NIR classification scenarios, and the optimal accuracy rate is even more than 99% under ideal conditions.