| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To evaluate the metabolic effects of two weight loss diets differing in macronutrient composition on features of dyslipidemia and post-prandial insulin (INS) response to a meal challenge in overweight/obese individuals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was a parallel-arm randomized 4 mo weight loss trial. Adults (n = 50, 47 ± 7 y) matched on BMI (33.6 ± 0.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <it>P </it>= 0.79) consumed energy restricted diets (deficit ~500 kcal/d): PRO (1.6 g.kg<sup>-1</sup>.d<sup>-1 </sup>protein and < 170 g/d carbohydrate) or CHO (0.8 g.kg<sup>-1</sup>.d<sup>-1 </sup>protein and > 220 g/d carbohydrate) for 4 mos. Meal challenges of respective diets were utilized for determination of blood lipids and post-prandial INS and glucose response at the beginning and end of the study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was a trend for PRO to lose more weight (-9.1% vs. -7.3%, <it>P </it>= 0.07) with a significant reduction in percent fat mass compared to CHO (-8.7% vs. -5.7%; <it>P </it>= 0.03). PRO also favored reductions in triacylglycerol (-34% vs. -14%; <it>P </it>< 0.05) and increases in HDL-C (+5% vs. -3%; <it>P </it>= 0.05); however, CHO favored reduction in LDL-C (-7% vs. +2.5%; <it>P </it>< 0.05). INS responses to the meal challenge were improved in PRO compared to CHO (<it>P </it>< 0.05) at both 1 hr (-34.3% vs. -1.0%) and 2 hr (-9.2% vs. +46.2%), an effect that remained significant after controlling for weight or fat loss (both <it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A weight loss diet with moderate carbohydrate, moderate protein results in more favorable changes in body composition, dyslipidemia, and post-prandial INS response compared to a high carbohydrate, low protein diet suggesting an additional benefit beyond weight management to include augmented risk reduction for metabolic disease.</p>
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