Hypospadias Risk from Maternal Residential Exposure to Heavy Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants

Hypospadias Risk from Maternal Residential Exposure to Heavy Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants

Objective: Investigate whether residential prenatal exposure to heavy metal hazardous air pollutants (HMHAPs) is associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. Methods: Data on non-syndromic hypospadias cases (n = 8981) and control patients delivered in Texas were obtained from the Texas Birth De...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jeffrey T. White, Erin Kovar, Tiffany M. Chambers, Kunj R. Sheth, Erin C. Peckham-Gregory, Marisol O’Neill, Peter H. Langlois, Carolina J. Jorgez, Philip J. Lupo, Abhishek Seth
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-03-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
congenital malformation
penis development
genitalia
pollutant
teratogen
hypospadias
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/6/930

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