Diagnosis of Early Mycosis Fungoides

• Main Author: Tomomitsu Miyagaki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-09-01
• Series: Diagnostics
• Subjects: mycosis fungoides; early stage; diagnostic algorithm; T-cell receptor rearrangement; tumor-specific marker; microRNA
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/9/1721

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, generally has a favorable clinical course. Early MF typically presents erythematous patches and/or plaques and lasts for many years without affecting the life expectancy. Only limited cases progress to develop skin tumors, with subsequent lymph nodes and rarely visceral organ involvement. One of the clinical problems in early MF is the difficulty in differentiating the disease from benign inflammatory disorders (BIDs), such as atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, and psoriasis. In some MF cases, clinical and pathological findings are similar to those of BIDs. However, the accurate diagnosis of early MF is quite important, as inappropriate treatment including immunosuppressants can cause unfavorable or even fatal outcomes. This article focuses on general methods and novel tools for diagnosis of early MF.