| Summary: | In this research work, MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CNS was prepared using the hydrothermal–microwave method. The influence of cations (M) toward functional groups of composites and their performance in pesticide degradation were studied. Rice husk was pyrolyzed hydrothermally (200 °C, 6 h) and by microwave (800 W, 40 min). Each product was mixed with MCl<sub>2</sub> (Zn, Ni, Mn), FeCl<sub>3</sub>, KOH, and water, and calcined (600 °C, 15 min) to obtain a composite. Characterization by XRD confirmed the MFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CNS structure. The FTIR spectra of the composites showed different band sharpness related to C-O and M-O. A mixture of dried paddy farm soil, composite, BPMC (buthylphenylmethyl carbamate) pesticide solution (0.25%), and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution (0.15%) was kept under dark conditions for 48 h. The solution above the soil was filtered and measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 217 nm. Applications without the composite and composite–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were also conducted. The results reveal that dark BPMC degradation with the composite was 7.5 times larger than that without the composite, and 2.9 times larger than that without the composite–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. There were no significantly different FTIR spectra of the soil, soil–BPMC, soil–BPMC-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and soil–BPMC-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> composite and no significantly different X-ray diffractograms between the soil after drying and soil after application for pesticide degradation using the composite.
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