First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico

Introduction: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic, non-sporing, fermentative and oxidase-positive coccobacillus. Human infections caused by Chromobacterium violaceum are infrequent. There are a few reported cases in several countries. Those infections appear after a...

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Main Authors: R. Berebichez-Fridman, S. Solano-Gálvez, N.I. Copitin-Niconova, J.A. Ruy-Díaz Reynoso, T. Barrientos-Fortes, R. Vázquez-López
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Permanyer 2018-04-01
Series:Revista Médica del Hospital General de México
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0185106316301172
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author R. Berebichez-Fridman
S. Solano-Gálvez
N.I. Copitin-Niconova
J.A. Ruy-Díaz Reynoso
T. Barrientos-Fortes
R. Vázquez-López
spellingShingle R. Berebichez-Fridman
S. Solano-Gálvez
N.I. Copitin-Niconova
J.A. Ruy-Díaz Reynoso
T. Barrientos-Fortes
R. Vázquez-López
First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
Revista Médica del Hospital General de México
author_facet R. Berebichez-Fridman
S. Solano-Gálvez
N.I. Copitin-Niconova
J.A. Ruy-Díaz Reynoso
T. Barrientos-Fortes
R. Vázquez-López
author_sort R. Berebichez-Fridman
title First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
title_short First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
title_full First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
title_fullStr First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in Mexico
title_sort first isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in mexico
publisher Permanyer
series Revista Médica del Hospital General de México
issn 0185-1063
publishDate 2018-04-01
description Introduction: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic, non-sporing, fermentative and oxidase-positive coccobacillus. Human infections caused by Chromobacterium violaceum are infrequent. There are a few reported cases in several countries. Those infections appear after a skin contact with soil or contaminated water. Infections can progress to necrotizing metastatatic lesions and multiple abscesses of the lung, liver, skin, spleen, lymph nodes and brain with fatal septicemia. Infections caused by this bacterium have a high lethality rate, with a low recovery rate among survivors. It has been described that this bacterium is resistant to several antibiotics. Materials and methods: Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated, cultivated, and identified from oysters from thirteen different restaurants in Mexico City and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Results: Four isolations of Chromobacterium violaceum were obtained from oysters. Three of them corresponded to biotype 36 and all of them had a confidence factor of 0.987. All isolations were resistant to Carbencillin, Cephalothin and Cephotaxime. Two isolations were also resistant to Ampicillin and one was resistant to Amikacin. All isolations were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Nitrofurantoin, Pefloxacine and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: The presence of Chromabacterium violaceum in food obtained from salt marshes that usually are eaten fresh (like oysters) means a high potential risk for human health because this bacterium has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. In our report, this bacterium showed resistance to several antibacterial agents. Patients should be cautions when eating fresh seafood, and healthcare personnel should suspect an infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum if the patient presents with sepsis, enteritis or abscesses and they have risk factors for acquiring this bacterium in order to provide prompt treatment and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the infection. This work represents the first isolation, cultivation and identification of Chromobacterium violaceum in Mexico. Resumen: Introducción: Chromobacterium violaceum es un cocobacilo Gram negativo, facultativo, anaeróbico, no formador de esporas, fermentativo y oxidasa positivo. Las infecciones en humanos causadas por Chromobacterium violaceum son infrecuentes. Existen pocos reportes de casos en varios países. Estas infecciones aparecen después del contacto de la piel con el suelo o con agua contaminada. Las infecciones pueden progresar a lesiones necrotizantes metastásicas y múltiples abscesos en pulmón, hígado, piel, bazo, ganglios linfáticos y cerebro y septicemia letal. Las infecciones causadas por esta bacteria tienen una alta tasa de letalidad, con una baja tasa de recuperación entre los sobrevivientes. Se ha descrito que esta bacteria es resistente a varios antibióticos. Material y métodos: Se aisló, cultivó e identificó Chromobacterium violaceum en ostras de trece distintos restaurantes de la Ciudad de México y se realizaron estudios de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados: Cuatro aislamientos de Chromobacterium violaceum fueron obtenidos de ostras. Tres de los aislamientos correspondieron al biotipo 36 y todos tuvieron un nivel de confianza de 0.987. Todos los aislamientos fueron resistentes a Carbenicilina, Cefalotina y Cefotaxima. Dos aislamientos fueron también resistentes a Ampicilina y uno fue resistente a Amikacina. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a Ceftriaxona, Cloranfenicol, Gentamicina, Netilmicina, Nitrofurantoína, Pefloxacina y Trimetoprim-Sulfametoxazol. Conclusiones: La presencia de Chromobacterium violaceum en alimentos obtenidos de marismas los cuales son ingeridos frescos (como las ostras), representa un alto potencial de riesgo para la salud humana, ya que esta bacteria se ha asociado con enteritis aguda, septicemia y con la formación de abscesos diseminados. En nuestro reporte, esta bacteria demostró una resistencia a varios agentes antimicrobianos. Los pacientes deben de ser cuidadosos al ingerir pescados y mariscos frescos, y el personal de salud debe de sospechar una infección causada por Chromobacterium violaceum si el paciente se presenta con sepsis, enteritis o abscesos, y si tiene los factores de riesgo para adquirir esta bacteria, con el objetivo de dar un tratamiento oportuno y reducir la morbi-mortalidad asociada con esta infección. Este trabajo representa el primer aislamiento, cultivo e identificación de Chromobacterium violaceum en México. Keywords: Chromobacterium violaceum, Oyster, Enteritis, Septicemia, Abscess, Palabras clave: Chromobacterium violaceum, Ostra, Enteritis, Septicemia, Absceso
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0185106316301172
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spelling doaj-0407477cf1894b2cb80010125c4ea4192020-11-25T01:15:30ZengPermanyerRevista Médica del Hospital General de México0185-10632018-04-018126671First isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Chromobacterium violaceum from oysters in MexicoR. Berebichez-Fridman0S. Solano-Gálvez1N.I. Copitin-Niconova2J.A. Ruy-Díaz Reynoso3T. Barrientos-Fortes4R. Vázquez-López5School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University North Campus, Huixquilucan, MexicoTitular Academic Technician and Microbiology and Parasitology professor at the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MexicoTitular Academic Technician at the Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Cell Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, MexicoDirector of School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University North Campus, MexicoDean of Health Sciences Faculty, Anahuac University North Campus, MexicoMicrobiology and Parasitology professor, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University North Campus, Mexico; Corresponding author at: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University North Campus, Av. Universidad Anáhuac, no. 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Edo. de México C.P. 52786, Mexico.Introduction: Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic, non-sporing, fermentative and oxidase-positive coccobacillus. Human infections caused by Chromobacterium violaceum are infrequent. There are a few reported cases in several countries. Those infections appear after a skin contact with soil or contaminated water. Infections can progress to necrotizing metastatatic lesions and multiple abscesses of the lung, liver, skin, spleen, lymph nodes and brain with fatal septicemia. Infections caused by this bacterium have a high lethality rate, with a low recovery rate among survivors. It has been described that this bacterium is resistant to several antibiotics. Materials and methods: Chromobacterium violaceum was isolated, cultivated, and identified from oysters from thirteen different restaurants in Mexico City and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Results: Four isolations of Chromobacterium violaceum were obtained from oysters. Three of them corresponded to biotype 36 and all of them had a confidence factor of 0.987. All isolations were resistant to Carbencillin, Cephalothin and Cephotaxime. Two isolations were also resistant to Ampicillin and one was resistant to Amikacin. All isolations were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Nitrofurantoin, Pefloxacine and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions: The presence of Chromabacterium violaceum in food obtained from salt marshes that usually are eaten fresh (like oysters) means a high potential risk for human health because this bacterium has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. In our report, this bacterium showed resistance to several antibacterial agents. Patients should be cautions when eating fresh seafood, and healthcare personnel should suspect an infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum if the patient presents with sepsis, enteritis or abscesses and they have risk factors for acquiring this bacterium in order to provide prompt treatment and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the infection. This work represents the first isolation, cultivation and identification of Chromobacterium violaceum in Mexico. Resumen: Introducción: Chromobacterium violaceum es un cocobacilo Gram negativo, facultativo, anaeróbico, no formador de esporas, fermentativo y oxidasa positivo. Las infecciones en humanos causadas por Chromobacterium violaceum son infrecuentes. Existen pocos reportes de casos en varios países. Estas infecciones aparecen después del contacto de la piel con el suelo o con agua contaminada. Las infecciones pueden progresar a lesiones necrotizantes metastásicas y múltiples abscesos en pulmón, hígado, piel, bazo, ganglios linfáticos y cerebro y septicemia letal. Las infecciones causadas por esta bacteria tienen una alta tasa de letalidad, con una baja tasa de recuperación entre los sobrevivientes. Se ha descrito que esta bacteria es resistente a varios antibióticos. Material y métodos: Se aisló, cultivó e identificó Chromobacterium violaceum en ostras de trece distintos restaurantes de la Ciudad de México y se realizaron estudios de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados: Cuatro aislamientos de Chromobacterium violaceum fueron obtenidos de ostras. Tres de los aislamientos correspondieron al biotipo 36 y todos tuvieron un nivel de confianza de 0.987. Todos los aislamientos fueron resistentes a Carbenicilina, Cefalotina y Cefotaxima. Dos aislamientos fueron también resistentes a Ampicilina y uno fue resistente a Amikacina. Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a Ceftriaxona, Cloranfenicol, Gentamicina, Netilmicina, Nitrofurantoína, Pefloxacina y Trimetoprim-Sulfametoxazol. Conclusiones: La presencia de Chromobacterium violaceum en alimentos obtenidos de marismas los cuales son ingeridos frescos (como las ostras), representa un alto potencial de riesgo para la salud humana, ya que esta bacteria se ha asociado con enteritis aguda, septicemia y con la formación de abscesos diseminados. En nuestro reporte, esta bacteria demostró una resistencia a varios agentes antimicrobianos. Los pacientes deben de ser cuidadosos al ingerir pescados y mariscos frescos, y el personal de salud debe de sospechar una infección causada por Chromobacterium violaceum si el paciente se presenta con sepsis, enteritis o abscesos, y si tiene los factores de riesgo para adquirir esta bacteria, con el objetivo de dar un tratamiento oportuno y reducir la morbi-mortalidad asociada con esta infección. Este trabajo representa el primer aislamiento, cultivo e identificación de Chromobacterium violaceum en México. Keywords: Chromobacterium violaceum, Oyster, Enteritis, Septicemia, Abscess, Palabras clave: Chromobacterium violaceum, Ostra, Enteritis, Septicemia, Abscesohttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0185106316301172