Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats

Introduction: Achyranthes aspera, Chenopodium murale, Satureja punctata, Rumex abyssinicus and Aloe pulcherrima are traditionally used to treat urolithiasis in Ethiopia. However, there are limited reports on toxicity studies. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the acute and sub-acute tox...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tilahun Alelign, Dinkenesh Chalchisa, Netsanet Fekadu, Dawit Solomon, Tesfaye Sisay, Asfaw Debella, Beyene Petros
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-01-01
Series:Toxicology Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750020304091
id doaj-039e5ae3772c4887b17a030455922f59
record_format Article
spelling doaj-039e5ae3772c4887b17a030455922f592020-12-25T05:10:24ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002020-01-01713561365Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino ratsTilahun Alelign0Dinkenesh Chalchisa1Netsanet Fekadu2Dawit Solomon3Tesfaye Sisay4Asfaw Debella5Beyene Petros6Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Debre Birhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia; Corresponding author at: Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Hematology Laboratory, EthiopiaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional and Modern Medicine Directorate, EthiopiaSt. Paulos Referral Hospital, Department of Histopathology, EthiopiaInstitute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional and Modern Medicine Directorate, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaIntroduction: Achyranthes aspera, Chenopodium murale, Satureja punctata, Rumex abyssinicus and Aloe pulcherrima are traditionally used to treat urolithiasis in Ethiopia. However, there are limited reports on toxicity studies. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of plants. Materials and Methods: The crude extracts of A. aspera and C. murale leaves, S. punctata aerial parts, R. abyssinicus rhizomes, and A. Pulcherrima gel were prepared using 70 % ethanol. In acute toxicity, 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg were tested in a stepwise manner; whereas 2000 mg/kg administrated to female rats using gavage during sub-acute toxicity. On day 14 and 28, blood samples were collected from retro-orbital sinus; liver and kidneys of each animal were collected under anaesthesia. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett's comparison test of the Graph Pad Prism. Results: No mortality and significant weight loss for all extracts in both toxicity tests. In acute toxicity, C. murale extract significantly reduced hemoglobin and platelets (P < 0.01) compared with the control. Likewise, S. punctata (P < 0.05) and R. abyssinicus (P < 0.01) extracts revealed significant reduction in platelet count. An exposure to C. murale and R. abyssinicus extracts reduced the concentrations of platelet distribution width and platelet larger cell ratio (p < 0.05) during sub-acute toxicity test. The level of creatinine reduced due to A. aspera extract administrations(P < 0.05). Liver histopathological examinations revealed focal periportal hepatitis following sub-acute toxicity test of C. murale. Histopathological studies of liver demonstrated that R. abyssinicus, A. aspera and S. punctata extracts showed mild acute liver injury. A. pulcherrima was not associated with any toxicity. Conclusion: C. murale extract showed hematological, and histopathological toxicity profiles in rats. Furthermore, chronic toxicity studies of A. aspera, S. punctata and R. abyssinicus extracts would be beneficial to ensure safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750020304091Acute toxicityAlbino wistar female ratsAntiurolithiatic plant extractsSub-acute toxicity
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Tilahun Alelign
Dinkenesh Chalchisa
Netsanet Fekadu
Dawit Solomon
Tesfaye Sisay
Asfaw Debella
Beyene Petros
spellingShingle Tilahun Alelign
Dinkenesh Chalchisa
Netsanet Fekadu
Dawit Solomon
Tesfaye Sisay
Asfaw Debella
Beyene Petros
Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
Toxicology Reports
Acute toxicity
Albino wistar female rats
Antiurolithiatic plant extracts
Sub-acute toxicity
author_facet Tilahun Alelign
Dinkenesh Chalchisa
Netsanet Fekadu
Dawit Solomon
Tesfaye Sisay
Asfaw Debella
Beyene Petros
author_sort Tilahun Alelign
title Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
title_short Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
title_full Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
title_fullStr Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in Wistar albino rats
title_sort evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of selected traditional antiurolithiatic medicinal plant extracts in wistar albino rats
publisher Elsevier
series Toxicology Reports
issn 2214-7500
publishDate 2020-01-01
description Introduction: Achyranthes aspera, Chenopodium murale, Satureja punctata, Rumex abyssinicus and Aloe pulcherrima are traditionally used to treat urolithiasis in Ethiopia. However, there are limited reports on toxicity studies. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of plants. Materials and Methods: The crude extracts of A. aspera and C. murale leaves, S. punctata aerial parts, R. abyssinicus rhizomes, and A. Pulcherrima gel were prepared using 70 % ethanol. In acute toxicity, 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg were tested in a stepwise manner; whereas 2000 mg/kg administrated to female rats using gavage during sub-acute toxicity. On day 14 and 28, blood samples were collected from retro-orbital sinus; liver and kidneys of each animal were collected under anaesthesia. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett's comparison test of the Graph Pad Prism. Results: No mortality and significant weight loss for all extracts in both toxicity tests. In acute toxicity, C. murale extract significantly reduced hemoglobin and platelets (P < 0.01) compared with the control. Likewise, S. punctata (P < 0.05) and R. abyssinicus (P < 0.01) extracts revealed significant reduction in platelet count. An exposure to C. murale and R. abyssinicus extracts reduced the concentrations of platelet distribution width and platelet larger cell ratio (p < 0.05) during sub-acute toxicity test. The level of creatinine reduced due to A. aspera extract administrations(P < 0.05). Liver histopathological examinations revealed focal periportal hepatitis following sub-acute toxicity test of C. murale. Histopathological studies of liver demonstrated that R. abyssinicus, A. aspera and S. punctata extracts showed mild acute liver injury. A. pulcherrima was not associated with any toxicity. Conclusion: C. murale extract showed hematological, and histopathological toxicity profiles in rats. Furthermore, chronic toxicity studies of A. aspera, S. punctata and R. abyssinicus extracts would be beneficial to ensure safety.
topic Acute toxicity
Albino wistar female rats
Antiurolithiatic plant extracts
Sub-acute toxicity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750020304091
work_keys_str_mv AT tilahunalelign evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT dinkeneshchalchisa evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT netsanetfekadu evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT dawitsolomon evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT tesfayesisay evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT asfawdebella evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
AT beyenepetros evaluationofacuteandsubacutetoxicityofselectedtraditionalantiurolithiaticmedicinalplantextractsinwistaralbinorats
_version_ 1724371050487087104