A Review of Plant Vacuoles: Formation, Located Proteins, and Functions

• Main Authors: Xiaona Tan, Kaixia Li, Zheng Wang, Keming Zhu, Xiaoli Tan, Jun Cao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-09-01
• Series: Plants
• Subjects: plant vacuole; lytic vacuole; protein storage vacuole; vacuole iron transporter
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/9/327

Vacuoles, cellular membrane-bound organelles, are the largest compartments of cells, occupying up to 90% of the volume of plant cells. Vacuoles are formed by the biosynthetic and endocytotic pathways. In plants, the vacuole is crucial for growth and development and has a variety of functions, including storage and transport, intracellular environmental stability, and response to injury. Depending on the cell type and growth conditions, the size of vacuoles is highly dynamic. Different types of cell vacuoles store different substances, such as alkaloids, protein enzymes, inorganic salts, sugars, etc., and play important roles in multiple signaling pathways. Here, we summarize vacuole formation, types, vacuole-located proteins, and functions.