| Summary: | Our previous studies suggested that both hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>) and nitric oxide (NO) could enhance the postharvest freshness of cut flowers. However, the crosstalk of H<sub>2</sub> and NO during that process is unknown. Here, cut lilies (<i>Lilium</i> “Manissa„) were used to investigate the relationship between H<sub>2</sub> and NO and to identify differentially accumulated proteins during postharvest freshness. The results revealed that 1% hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and 150 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly extended the vase life and quality, while NO inhibitors suppressed the positive effects of HRW. Proteomics analysis found 50 differentially accumulated proteins in lilies leaves which were classified into seven functional categories. Among them, ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) (AtpA) was up-regulated by HRW and down-regulated by NO inhibitor. The expression level of <i>LlatpA</i> gene was consistent with the result of proteomics analysis. The positive effect of HRW and SNP on ATP synthase activity was inhibited by NO inhibitor. Meanwhile, the physiological-level analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters also agreed with the expression of AtpA regulated by HRW and SNP. Altogether, our results suggested that NO might be involved in H<sub>2</sub>-improved freshness of cut lilies, and AtpA protein may play important roles during that process.
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