Fumigation Activity against Phosphine-Resistant <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Carbonyl Sulfide

• Main Authors: Han Kyung Lee, Geunho Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Bong-Su Kim, Jeong-Oh Yang, Hyun-Na Koo, Gil-Hah Kim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
• Series: Insects
• Subjects: <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>; phosphine resistance; <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i>; phosphine; carbonyl sulfide; fumigation
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/750

Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH₃) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, resistance strain (r-strain) <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> and <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i>. All developmental stages of the pests were exposed to two fumigants (PH₃ and COS), and the fumigation activity according to the dose and exposure time was evaluated in a 12-L desiccator and 0.5 m³ fumigation chamber. The rice sorption rate and quality following exposure to thetwofumigants were evaluated. The mortality was 2.9% in r-strain <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>, 49.5% in d-strain <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> and 99.2% in <i>O</i>. <i>surinamensis</i> when 2 mg/L PH₃ was used in a 12-L desiccator for 4 h. However, all pest developmental stages showed 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure in the 0.5 m³ fumigation chamber, except for the r-strain <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>. A mortalityof 100% was observed in all of the r-strain <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> developmental stages at an exposure time of 192 h. For COS applied at 40.23 mg/L and 50 g/m³ in the 12-L desiccator and the 0.5 m³ fumigation chamber, respectively, 100% mortality was observed across all developmental stages regardless of species and strain. The sorption of COS was 10% higher than that of PH₃, but there was no significant difference in rice quality compared to that in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that COS can be used for controlling <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> resistant to PH₃.