microRNA Regulation in Health and Disease

• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
• Subjects: Genetics (non-medical); atherosclerosis; biomarker; C2C12 cell line; cancer; CD34 cell-clusters; CD34 cryptic splicing; colorectal cancer; complemented palindromic small RNA; DNA complemented palindrome; endometrial receptivity; exon switch; gene expression; gut microbiota; Hexokinase 2; HKII; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; infertility; interstitial lung disease; let-7; lipoprotein; metabolic interactions; microRNA; microRNAs; miR-106a-5p; miR-125b; miR-148a; miR-7; MIR143; miRNAs; miRSNP; muscle atrophy; myofibroblast; myogenic differentiation; n/a; neuroendocrine tumors; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; ORF miRNA target; palindromic small RNA; PIK3R1; proteomics; recurrent implantation failure; rs17723799; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; small RNA; small RNA-seq; somatostatin analogues; systemic sclerosis; transfer; uremia
• Online Access: Open Access: DOAB: description of the publication; Open Access: DOAB, download the publication

 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that play a crucial role in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Over two thousand miRNAs have been identified in humans, and many of them are conserved in other species. miRNAs are implicated in fundamental cellular functions, including development and disease. In the last decade, there has been an overwhelming amount of data contributing to the understanding of miRNA biogenesis and their target genes. Moreover, a significant amount of work has been carried out in developing miRNA biomarkers and therapeutics for various disease conditions. RNA-based markers and therapeutics have been proven to have a clinical impact, and many of these miRNA-based therapies are at various stages of human clinical trials and clinical applications. Notably, miRNAs are also found in exosomes, and are considered to impart intercellular communication and function via several different modalities, including tunneling nanotubes. In spite of our understanding of miRNA biology and function, there are many challenges in effectively using miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in clinical applications. In this Special Issue, we are inviting reviews, perspectives, and original research articles to address some of these challenges. Topics will include, but are not limited to, miRNA biogenesis, clinical applications, extracellular function, biomarkers, miRNA immune regulation, signaling pathways, and preclinical models.