Maximum likelihood estimation Mean square error Parameter estimation Accuracy and precision Bayesian estimations Bayesian networks Bias Errors Estimation techniques Learning algorithms Markov processes Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) Maximum-likelihood estimation Mean absolute error Mean absolute error (MAE) Mean squared error Measurement instruments Measurement model Monte Carlo methods Number of samples Parameter estimate Rasch rating scale model Rasch rating scale model (RRSM) Rating scale Root mean square error Root mean square error (RMSE) Root mean square errors Sampling Scale-model Surveys