Inventory control Inventory management Order smoothing Asymptotically optimal Auto-regressive Auto-regressive demand Closed-form expression Cost benefit analysis Dual sourcing Dual transportation modes Global outsourcing Integrated moving average demand Managerial implications Mathematical transformations Moving averages Normal distribution Optimization Order-up-to policy Outsourcing Robust optimization Stochastic systems Supply chain flexibility Supply chains Transportation mode Z−transform auto-regressive demand dual sourcing global outsourcing integrated moving average demand inventory management